Edit File: __builtin__.html
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Python Runtime Services</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-__builtin__"> <h1>27.2. <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">__builtin__</span></tt> — Built-in objects<a class="headerlink" href="#module-__builtin__" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>This module provides direct access to all ‘built-in’ identifiers of Python; for example, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__builtin__.open</span></tt> is the full name for the built-in function <a title="open" class="reference external" href="functions.html#open"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a>.</p> <p>This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value, but in which the built-in of that name is also needed. For example, in a module that wants to implement an <a title="open" class="reference external" href="functions.html#open"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a> function that wraps the built-in <a title="open" class="reference external" href="functions.html#open"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a>, this module can be used directly:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">__builtin__</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">__builtin__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'r'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">UpperCaser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UpperCaser</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sd">'''Wrapper around a file that converts output to upper-case.'''</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># ...</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="impl-detail compound"> <p><strong>CPython implementation detail:</strong> Most modules have the name <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></tt> (note the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'s'</span></tt>) made available as part of their globals. The value of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></tt> is normally either this module or the value of this modules’s <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">__dict__</span></tt> attribute. Since this is an implementation detail, it may not be used by alternate implementations of Python.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="sys.html" title="previous chapter">27.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys</span></tt> — System-specific parameters and functions</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="future_builtins.html" title="next chapter">27.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">future_builtins</span></tt> — Python 3 builtins</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/__builtin__.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" size="18" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../modindex.html" title="Global Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="future_builtins.html" title="27.3. future_builtins — Python 3 builtins" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sys.html" title="27.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="../index.html">Python v2.6.6 documentation</a> »</li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="python.html" >27. 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