Edit File: veryhigh.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>The Very High Level Layer — Python v2.6.6 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.6.6', COLLAPSE_MODINDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python v2.6.6 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python v2.6.6 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="Python/C API Reference Manual" href="index.html" /> <link rel="next" title="Reference Counting" href="refcounting.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Introduction" href="intro.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../modindex.html" title="Global Module Index" accesskey="M">modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="refcounting.html" title="Reference Counting" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="intro.html" title="Introduction" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="../index.html">Python v2.6.6 documentation</a> »</li> <li><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="the-very-high-level-layer"> <span id="veryhigh"></span><h1>The Very High Level Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#the-very-high-level-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The functions in this chapter will let you execute Python source code given in a file or a buffer, but they will not let you interact in a more detailed way with the interpreter.</p> <p>Several of these functions accept a start symbol from the grammar as a parameter. The available start symbols are <a title="Py_eval_input" class="reference internal" href="#Py_eval_input"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_eval_input</span></tt></a>, <a title="Py_file_input" class="reference internal" href="#Py_file_input"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_file_input</span></tt></a>, and <a title="Py_single_input" class="reference internal" href="#Py_single_input"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_single_input</span></tt></a>. These are described following the functions which accept them as parameters.</p> <p>Note also that several of these functions take <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt> parameters. One particular issue which needs to be handled carefully is that the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE</span></tt> structure for different C libraries can be different and incompatible. Under Windows (at least), it is possible for dynamically linked extensions to actually use different libraries, so care should be taken that <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt> parameters are only passed to these functions if it is certain that they were created by the same library that the Python runtime is using.</p> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="Py_Main"> int <tt class="descname">Py_Main</tt><big>(</big>int<em> argc</em>, char<em> **argv</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_Main" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The main program for the standard interpreter. This is made available for programs which embed Python. The <em>argc</em> and <em>argv</em> parameters should be prepared exactly as those which are passed to a C program’s <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">main()</span></tt> function. It is important to note that the argument list may be modified (but the contents of the strings pointed to by the argument list are not). The return value will be the integer passed to the <a title="sys.exit" class="reference external" href="../library/sys.html#sys.exit"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exit()</span></tt></a> function, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> if the interpreter exits due to an exception, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt> if the parameter list does not represent a valid Python command line.</p> <p>Note that if an otherwise unhandled <a title="exceptions.SystemError" class="reference external" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.SystemError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></tt></a> is raised, this function will not return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>, but exit the process, as long as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_InspectFlag</span></tt> is not set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_AnyFile"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_AnyFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_AnyFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>closeit</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> and <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_AnyFileFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_AnyFileFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_AnyFileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving the <em>closeit</em> argument set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_AnyFileEx"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_AnyFileEx</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> closeit</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_AnyFileEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving the <em>flags</em> argument set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> closeit</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <em>fp</em> refers to a file associated with an interactive device (console or terminal input or Unix pseudo-terminal), return the value of <a title="PyRun_InteractiveLoop" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_InteractiveLoop"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_InteractiveLoop()</span></tt></a>, otherwise return the result of <a title="PyRun_SimpleFile" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_SimpleFile"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_SimpleFile()</span></tt></a>. If <em>filename</em> is <em>NULL</em>, this function uses <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"???"</span></tt> as the filename.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_SimpleString"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_SimpleString</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *command</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_SimpleString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_SimpleStringFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_SimpleStringFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_SimpleStringFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving the <em>PyCompilerFlags*</em> argument set to NULL.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_SimpleStringFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_SimpleStringFlags</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *command</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_SimpleStringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Executes the Python source code from <em>command</em> in the <a title="The environment where the top-level script is run." class="reference external" href="../library/__main__.html#module-__main__"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">__main__</span></tt></a> module according to the <em>flags</em> argument. If <a title="The environment where the top-level script is run." class="reference external" href="../library/__main__.html#module-__main__"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">__main__</span></tt></a> does not already exist, it is created. Returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> if an exception was raised. If there was an error, there is no way to get the exception information. For the meaning of <em>flags</em>, see below.</p> <p>Note that if an otherwise unhandled <a title="exceptions.SystemError" class="reference external" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.SystemError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></tt></a> is raised, this function will not return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt>, but exit the process, as long as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_InspectFlag</span></tt> is not set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_SimpleFile"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_SimpleFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_SimpleFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>closeit</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> and <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_SimpleFileFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_SimpleFileFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_SimpleFileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>closeit</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_SimpleFileEx"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_SimpleFileEx</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> closeit</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_SimpleFileEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> closeit</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Similar to <a title="PyRun_SimpleStringFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_SimpleStringFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_SimpleStringFlags()</span></tt></a>, but the Python source code is read from <em>fp</em> instead of an in-memory string. <em>filename</em> should be the name of the file. If <em>closeit</em> is true, the file is closed before PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags returns.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_InteractiveOne"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_InteractiveOne</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_InteractiveOne" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Read and execute a single statement from a file associated with an interactive device according to the <em>flags</em> argument. If <em>filename</em> is <em>NULL</em>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"???"</span></tt> is used instead. The user will be prompted using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></tt>. Returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> when the input was executed successfully, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> if there was an exception, or an error code from the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">errcode.h</span></tt> include file distributed as part of Python if there was a parse error. (Note that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">errcode.h</span></tt> is not included by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Python.h</span></tt>, so must be included specifically if needed.)</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_InteractiveLoop"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_InteractiveLoop</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_InteractiveLoop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Read and execute statements from a file associated with an interactive device until EOF is reached. If <em>filename</em> is <em>NULL</em>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"???"</span></tt> is used instead. The user will be prompted using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></tt>. Returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> at EOF.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyParser_SimpleParseString"> struct _node* <tt class="descname">PyParser_SimpleParseString</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, int<em> start</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" class="reference internal" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>filename</em> set to <em>NULL</em> and <em>flags</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags"> struct _node* <tt class="descname">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, int<em> start</em>, int<em> flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" class="reference internal" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>filename</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"> struct _node* <tt class="descname">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, int<em> flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Parse Python source code from <em>str</em> using the start token <em>start</em> according to the <em>flags</em> argument. The result can be used to create a code object which can be evaluated efficiently. This is useful if a code fragment must be evaluated many times.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyParser_SimpleParseFile"> struct _node* <tt class="descname">PyParser_SimpleParseFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt></dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags"> struct _node* <tt class="descname">PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, int<em> flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Similar to <a title="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" class="reference internal" href="#PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename()</span></tt></a>, but the Python source code is read from <em>fp</em> instead of an in-memory string.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_String"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyRun_String</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_String" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_StringFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_StringFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_StringFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_StringFlags"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyRun_StringFlags</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_StringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Execute Python source code from <em>str</em> in the context specified by the dictionaries <em>globals</em> and <em>locals</em> with the compiler flags specified by <em>flags</em>. The parameter <em>start</em> specifies the start token that should be used to parse the source code.</p> <p>Returns the result of executing the code as a Python object, or <em>NULL</em> if an exception was raised.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_File"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyRun_File</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_File" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_FileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_FileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_FileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>closeit</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> and <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_FileEx"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyRun_FileEx</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em>, int<em> closeit</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_FileEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_FileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_FileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_FileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_FileFlags"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyRun_FileFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_FileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyRun_FileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_FileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_FileExFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>closeit</em> set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyRun_FileExFlags"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyRun_FileExFlags</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em> *fp</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em>, int<em> closeit</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyRun_FileExFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Similar to <a title="PyRun_StringFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_StringFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_StringFlags()</span></tt></a>, but the Python source code is read from <em>fp</em> instead of an in-memory string. <em>filename</em> should be the name of the file. If <em>closeit</em> is true, the file is closed before <a title="PyRun_FileExFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyRun_FileExFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyRun_FileExFlags()</span></tt></a> returns.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="Py_CompileString"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">Py_CompileString</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_CompileString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>This is a simplified interface to <a title="Py_CompileStringFlags" class="reference internal" href="#Py_CompileStringFlags"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_CompileStringFlags()</span></tt></a> below, leaving <em>flags</em> set to <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="Py_CompileStringFlags"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">Py_CompileStringFlags</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *str</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> start</em>, <a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_CompileStringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Parse and compile the Python source code in <em>str</em>, returning the resulting code object. The start token is given by <em>start</em>; this can be used to constrain the code which can be compiled and should be <a title="Py_eval_input" class="reference internal" href="#Py_eval_input"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_eval_input</span></tt></a>, <a title="Py_file_input" class="reference internal" href="#Py_file_input"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_file_input</span></tt></a>, or <a title="Py_single_input" class="reference internal" href="#Py_single_input"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_single_input</span></tt></a>. The filename specified by <em>filename</em> is used to construct the code object and may appear in tracebacks or <a title="exceptions.SyntaxError" class="reference external" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.SyntaxError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></tt></a> exception messages. This returns <em>NULL</em> if the code cannot be parsed or compiled.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyEval_EvalCode"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyEval_EvalCode</tt><big>(</big>PyCodeObject<em> *co</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyEval_EvalCode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>This is a simplified interface to <a title="PyEval_EvalCodeEx" class="reference internal" href="#PyEval_EvalCodeEx"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyEval_EvalCodeEx()</span></tt></a>, with just the code object, and the dictionaries of global and local variables. The other arguments are set to <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyEval_EvalCodeEx"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyEval_EvalCodeEx</tt><big>(</big>PyCodeObject<em> *co</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *globals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *locals</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **args</em>, int<em> argcount</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **kws</em>, int<em> kwcount</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **defs</em>, int<em> defcount</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *closure</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyEval_EvalCodeEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Evaluate a precompiled code object, given a particular environment for its evaluation. This environment consists of dictionaries of global and local variables, arrays of arguments, keywords and defaults, and a closure tuple of cells.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyEval_EvalFrame"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyEval_EvalFrame</tt><big>(</big>PyFrameObject<em> *f</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyEval_EvalFrame" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Evaluate an execution frame. This is a simplified interface to PyEval_EvalFrameEx, for backward compatibility.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyEval_EvalFrameEx"> <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyEval_EvalFrameEx</tt><big>(</big>PyFrameObject<em> *f</em>, int<em> throwflag</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyEval_EvalFrameEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is the main, unvarnished function of Python interpretation. It is literally 2000 lines long. The code object associated with the execution frame <em>f</em> is executed, interpreting bytecode and executing calls as needed. The additional <em>throwflag</em> parameter can mostly be ignored - if true, then it causes an exception to immediately be thrown; this is used for the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">throw()</span></tt> methods of generator objects.</dd></dl> <dl class="cfunction"> <dt id="PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags"> int <tt class="descname">PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags</tt><big>(</big><a title="PyCompilerFlags" class="reference internal" href="#PyCompilerFlags">PyCompilerFlags</a><em> *cf</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This function changes the flags of the current evaluation frame, and returns true on success, false on failure.</dd></dl> <dl class="cvar"> <dt id="Py_eval_input"> int <tt class="descname">Py_eval_input</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_eval_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p id="index-155">The start symbol from the Python grammar for isolated expressions; for use with <a title="Py_CompileString" class="reference internal" href="#Py_CompileString"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_CompileString()</span></tt></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cvar"> <dt id="Py_file_input"> int <tt class="descname">Py_file_input</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_file_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p id="index-156">The start symbol from the Python grammar for sequences of statements as read from a file or other source; for use with <a title="Py_CompileString" class="reference internal" href="#Py_CompileString"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_CompileString()</span></tt></a>. This is the symbol to use when compiling arbitrarily long Python source code.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cvar"> <dt id="Py_single_input"> int <tt class="descname">Py_single_input</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_single_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p id="index-157">The start symbol from the Python grammar for a single statement; for use with <a title="Py_CompileString" class="reference internal" href="#Py_CompileString"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_CompileString()</span></tt></a>. This is the symbol used for the interactive interpreter loop.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="ctype"> <dt id="PyCompilerFlags"> struct <tt class="descname">PyCompilerFlags</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyCompilerFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This is the structure used to hold compiler flags. In cases where code is only being compiled, it is passed as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">flags</span></tt>, and in cases where code is being executed, it is passed as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyCompilerFlags</span> <span class="pre">*flags</span></tt>. In this case, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">__future__</span> <span class="pre">import</span></tt> can modify <em>flags</em>.</p> <p>Whenever <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyCompilerFlags</span> <span class="pre">*flags</span></tt> is <em>NULL</em>, <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">cf_flags</span></tt> is treated as equal to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, and any modification due to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">__future__</span> <span class="pre">import</span></tt> is discarded.</p> <div class="highlight-c"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">PyCompilerFlags</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">cf_flags</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="cvar"> <dt id="CO_FUTURE_DIVISION"> int <tt class="descname">CO_FUTURE_DIVISION</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#CO_FUTURE_DIVISION" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This bit can be set in <em>flags</em> to cause division operator <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> to be interpreted as “true division” according to <span class="target" id="index-158"></span><a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0238"><strong>PEP 238</strong></a>.</dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="intro.html" title="previous chapter">Introduction</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="refcounting.html" title="next chapter">Reference Counting</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/c-api/veryhigh.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" size="18" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../modindex.html" title="Global Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="refcounting.html" title="Reference Counting" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="intro.html" title="Introduction" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="../index.html">Python v2.6.6 documentation</a> »</li> <li><a href="index.html" >Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2011, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Jul 20, 2011. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 0.6.6. </div> </body> </html>
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