Edit File: HTTP::Request::Common.3pm
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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" HTTP::Request::Common \- Construct common HTTP::Request objects .SH "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" .Vb 4 \& use HTTP::Request::Common; \& $ua = LWP::UserAgent\->new; \& $ua\->request(GET \*(Aqhttp://www.sn.no/\*(Aq); \& $ua\->request(POST \*(Aqhttp://somewhere/foo\*(Aq, [foo => bar, bar => foo]); .Ve .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" This module provide functions that return newly created \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Request\*(C'\fR objects. These functions are usually more convenient to use than the standard \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Request\*(C'\fR constructor for the most common requests. The following functions are provided: .ie n .IP "\s-1GET\s0 $url" 4 .el .IP "\s-1GET\s0 \f(CW$url\fR" 4 .IX Item "GET $url" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "\s-1GET\s0 $url, Header => Value,..." 4 .el .IP "\s-1GET\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..." 4 .IX Item "GET $url, Header => Value,..." .PD The \s-1\fIGET\s0()\fR function returns an \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Request\*(C'\fR object initialized with the \*(L"\s-1GET\s0\*(R" method and the specified \s-1URL\s0. It is roughly equivalent to the following call .Sp .Vb 4 \& HTTP::Request\->new( \& GET => $url, \& HTTP::Headers\->new(Header => Value,...), \& ) .Ve .Sp but is less cluttered. What is different is that a header named \&\f(CW\*(C`Content\*(C'\fR will initialize the content part of the request instead of setting a header field. Note that \s-1GET\s0 requests should normally not have a content, so this hack makes more sense for the \s-1\fIPUT\s0()\fR and \s-1\fIPOST\s0()\fR functions described below. .Sp The get(...) method of \f(CW\*(C`LWP::UserAgent\*(C'\fR exists as a shortcut for \&\f(CW$ua\fR\->request(\s-1GET\s0 ...). .ie n .IP "\s-1HEAD\s0 $url" 4 .el .IP "\s-1HEAD\s0 \f(CW$url\fR" 4 .IX Item "HEAD $url" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "\s-1HEAD\s0 $url, Header => Value,..." 4 .el .IP "\s-1HEAD\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..." 4 .IX Item "HEAD $url, Header => Value,..." .PD Like \s-1\fIGET\s0()\fR but the method in the request is \*(L"\s-1HEAD\s0\*(R". .Sp The head(...) method of \*(L"LWP::UserAgent\*(R" exists as a shortcut for \&\f(CW$ua\fR\->request(\s-1HEAD\s0 ...). .ie n .IP "\s-1PUT\s0 $url" 4 .el .IP "\s-1PUT\s0 \f(CW$url\fR" 4 .IX Item "PUT $url" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "\s-1PUT\s0 $url, Header => Value,..." 4 .el .IP "\s-1PUT\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..." 4 .IX Item "PUT $url, Header => Value,..." .ie n .IP "\s-1PUT\s0 $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content" 4 .el .IP "\s-1PUT\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..., Content => \f(CW$content\fR" 4 .IX Item "PUT $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content" .PD Like \s-1\fIGET\s0()\fR but the method in the request is \*(L"\s-1PUT\s0\*(R". .Sp The content of the request can be specified using the \*(L"Content\*(R" pseudo-header. This steals a bit of the header field namespace as there is no way to directly specify a header that is actually called \&\*(L"Content\*(R". If you really need this you must update the request returned in a separate statement. .ie n .IP "\s-1DELETE\s0 $url" 4 .el .IP "\s-1DELETE\s0 \f(CW$url\fR" 4 .IX Item "DELETE $url" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "\s-1DELETE\s0 $url, Header => Value,..." 4 .el .IP "\s-1DELETE\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..." 4 .IX Item "DELETE $url, Header => Value,..." .PD Like \s-1\fIGET\s0()\fR but the method in the request is \*(L"\s-1DELETE\s0\*(R". This function is not exported by default. .ie n .IP "\s-1POST\s0 $url" 4 .el .IP "\s-1POST\s0 \f(CW$url\fR" 4 .IX Item "POST $url" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "\s-1POST\s0 $url, Header => Value,..." 4 .el .IP "\s-1POST\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..." 4 .IX Item "POST $url, Header => Value,..." .ie n .IP "\s-1POST\s0 $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,..." 4 .el .IP "\s-1POST\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, \f(CW$form_ref\fR, Header => Value,..." 4 .IX Item "POST $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,..." .ie n .IP "\s-1POST\s0 $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref" 4 .el .IP "\s-1POST\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..., Content => \f(CW$form_ref\fR" 4 .IX Item "POST $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref" .ie n .IP "\s-1POST\s0 $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content" 4 .el .IP "\s-1POST\s0 \f(CW$url\fR, Header => Value,..., Content => \f(CW$content\fR" 4 .IX Item "POST $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content" .PD This works mostly like \s-1\fIPUT\s0()\fR with \*(L"\s-1POST\s0\*(R" as the method, but this function also takes a second optional array or hash reference parameter \f(CW$form_ref\fR. As for \s-1\fIPUT\s0()\fR the content can also be specified directly using the \*(L"Content\*(R" pseudo-header, and you may also provide the \f(CW$form_ref\fR this way. .Sp The \f(CW$form_ref\fR argument can be used to pass key/value pairs for the form content. By default we will initialize a request using the \&\f(CW\*(C`application/x\-www\-form\-urlencoded\*(C'\fR content type. This means that you can emulate an \s-1HTML\s0 <form> POSTing like this: .Sp .Vb 7 \& POST \*(Aqhttp://www.perl.org/survey.cgi\*(Aq, \& [ name => \*(AqGisle Aas\*(Aq, \& email => \*(Aqgisle@aas.no\*(Aq, \& gender => \*(AqM\*(Aq, \& born => \*(Aq1964\*(Aq, \& perc => \*(Aq3%\*(Aq, \& ]; .Ve .Sp This will create an HTTP::Request object that looks like this: .Sp .Vb 3 \& POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi \& Content\-Length: 66 \& Content\-Type: application/x\-www\-form\-urlencoded \& \& name=Gisle%20Aas&email=gisle%40aas.no&gender=M&born=1964&perc=3%25 .Ve .Sp Multivalued form fields can be specified by either repeating the field name or by passing the value as an array reference. .Sp The \s-1POST\s0 method also supports the \f(CW\*(C`multipart/form\-data\*(C'\fR content used for \fIForm-based File Upload\fR as specified in \s-1RFC\s0 1867. You trigger this content format by specifying a content type of \f(CW\*(Aqform\-data\*(Aq\fR as one of the request headers. If one of the values in the \f(CW$form_ref\fR is an array reference, then it is treated as a file part specification with the following interpretation: .Sp .Vb 2 \& [ $file, $filename, Header => Value... ] \& [ undef, $filename, Header => Value,..., Content => $content ] .Ve .Sp The first value in the array ($file) is the name of a file to open. This file will be read and its content placed in the request. The routine will croak if the file can't be opened. Use an \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR as \&\f(CW$file\fR value if you want to specify the content directly with a \&\f(CW\*(C`Content\*(C'\fR header. The \f(CW$filename\fR is the filename to report in the request. If this value is undefined, then the basename of the \f(CW$file\fR will be used. You can specify an empty string as \f(CW$filename\fR if you want to suppress sending the filename when you provide a \f(CW$file\fR value. .Sp If a \f(CW$file\fR is provided by no \f(CW\*(C`Content\-Type\*(C'\fR header, then \f(CW\*(C`Content\-Type\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Content\-Encoding\*(C'\fR will be filled in automatically with the values returned by \fILWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type()\fR .Sp Sending my \fI~/.profile\fR to the survey used as example above can be achieved by this: .Sp .Vb 8 \& POST \*(Aqhttp://www.perl.org/survey.cgi\*(Aq, \& Content_Type => \*(Aqform\-data\*(Aq, \& Content => [ name => \*(AqGisle Aas\*(Aq, \& email => \*(Aqgisle@aas.no\*(Aq, \& gender => \*(AqM\*(Aq, \& born => \*(Aq1964\*(Aq, \& init => ["$ENV{HOME}/.profile"], \& ] .Ve .Sp This will create an HTTP::Request object that almost looks this (the boundary and the content of your \fI~/.profile\fR is likely to be different): .Sp .Vb 3 \& POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi \& Content\-Length: 388 \& Content\-Type: multipart/form\-data; boundary="6G+f" \& \& \-\-6G+f \& Content\-Disposition: form\-data; name="name" \& \& Gisle Aas \& \-\-6G+f \& Content\-Disposition: form\-data; name="email" \& \& gisle@aas.no \& \-\-6G+f \& Content\-Disposition: form\-data; name="gender" \& \& M \& \-\-6G+f \& Content\-Disposition: form\-data; name="born" \& \& 1964 \& \-\-6G+f \& Content\-Disposition: form\-data; name="init"; filename=".profile" \& Content\-Type: text/plain \& \& PATH=/local/perl/bin:$PATH \& export PATH \& \& \-\-6G+f\-\- .Ve .Sp If you set the \f(CW$DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD\fR variable (exportable) to some \s-1TRUE\s0 value, then you get back a request object with a subroutine closure as the content attribute. This subroutine will read the content of any files on demand and return it in suitable chunks. This allow you to upload arbitrary big files without using lots of memory. You can even upload infinite files like \fI/dev/audio\fR if you wish; however, if the file is not a plain file, there will be no Content-Length header defined for the request. Not all servers (or server applications) like this. Also, if the file(s) change in size between the time the Content-Length is calculated and the time that the last chunk is delivered, the subroutine will \f(CW\*(C`Croak\*(C'\fR. .Sp The post(...) method of \*(L"LWP::UserAgent\*(R" exists as a shortcut for \&\f(CW$ua\fR\->request(\s-1POST\s0 ...). .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" HTTP::Request, LWP::UserAgent .SH "COPYRIGHT" .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright 1997\-2004, Gisle Aas .PP This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
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